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Two Concepts of Markets

Larissa de Lima·June 21, 2026·Substack
prediction markets don't reveal truth, they manufacture it

Why It's Worth Reading

Draws on Isaiah Berlin's two concepts of liberty to frame two competing visions of markets: the 'market as camera' (Hayek's price discovery aggregating scattered private knowledge) versus the 'market as engine' (actively shaping the outcomes it measures). Uses prediction markets as a live case study, covering their history from 1880s New York curb betting through the Iowa Electronic Markets to Polymarket and Kalshi's $24B monthly volume. Highlights recent research showing prediction market accuracy is driven by fewer than 3% of skilled traders, not wisdom of crowds, and explores the political stakes of which outcomes get priced at all.

Some technical background helpful

Concepts

Platforms mentioned: Polymarket, Kalshi, Iowa Electronic Markets

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